The charts below detail relative risk and prevalence [1-15].
Relative Risk: The top chart shows approximate relative risk of developing breast cancer by age 80 for a woman with a given risk factor compared to a woman without that risk factor: 1) disease-causing BRCA1 or -2 mutation [1-3]; 2) prior ductal carcinoma in situ [4-6]; 3) prior atypical ductal hyperplasia [7-9]; 4) mother or sister diagnosed with breast cancer by age 50 [10]; 5) combined estrogen and progesterone therapy after menopause [11]; 6) heterogeneously dense breast tissue (relative to a woman with fatty breasts) [12]; or 7) extremely dense breast tissue (relative to a woman with fatty breasts) [12].
1Average relative risk for BRCA1 or -2 mutations is about 10, varying widely from about 3-17 depending on study design and population studied [1-3].
2The 15-year risk of developing invasive breast cancer among women with untreated DCIS (i.e. found on retrospective review of surgical biopsy specimens years later) is about 10 times greater than the risk in the general population [4, 5]. The risk 3 years or more after DCIS diagnosis in women who receive standard treatment is nearly 3 times greater than the risk in the general population [6].
3 At any given age, risk associated with having a mother or sister diagnosed with breast cancer tends to be higher the younger the relative was at diagnosis, particularly for women under 50. For example, Data from nearly 160,000 women showed that in women under 40, relative risk was nearly 6 times greater if the relative was diagnosed before age 40, and nearly 3 times greater if the relative was diagnosed between age 40-50, than women without a family history in a first degree relative. In contrast, women 60 and older with a family history in a first degree relative have about a 40% increased risk regardless of the relative’s age at diagnosis [13].
Prevalence: The lower chart shows estimated prevalence of each risk factor in American women aged 40-74, except for hormone replacement therapy which applies only to postmenopausal women. Dense breast tissue is quite common, seen in 43% of all women aged 40-74.
References Cited
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